JSON is very light weight, structured, easy to parse and much human readable. JSON is best alternative to XML when your android app needs to interchange data with your server. If your app consuming XML data, you can always refer to Android XML Parsing Tutorial.
In this tutorial we are going to learn how to parse JSON in android using different ways, using java.net library and other third part libraries.
The Sample JSON
Following is the sample JSON that we are going to parse in this tutorial. This is very simple JSON which gives us list of contacts where each node contains contact information like name, email, address, gender and phone numbers.
You can get this JSON data by accessing http://api.androidhive.info/contacts/
{
"contacts": [
{
"id": "c200",
"name": "Ravi Tamada",
"email": "ravi@gmail.com",
"address": "xx-xx-xxxx,x - street, x - country",
"gender" : "male",
"phone": {
"mobile": "+91 0000000000",
"home": "00 000000",
"office": "00 000000"
}
},
{
"id": "c201",
"name": "Johnny Depp",
"email": "johnny_depp@gmail.com",
"address": "xx-xx-xxxx,x - street, x - country",
"gender" : "male",
"phone": {
"mobile": "+91 0000000000",
"home": "00 000000",
"office": "00 000000"
}
},
.
.
.
.
]
}
The difference between [ and { – (Square brackets and Curly brackets)
In general all the JSON nodes will start with a square bracket or with a curly bracket. The difference between [ and { is, the square bracket ([) represents starting of an JSONArray node whereas curly bracket ({) represents JSONObject. So while accessing these nodes we need to call appropriate method to access the data.
If your JSON node starts with [, then we should use getJSONArray() method. Same as if the node starts with {, then we should use getJSONObject() method.
1. Creating New Project
So let’s start by creating a new android project. We’ll build a simple app which fetches the json from url, parses it and displays the contacts in a list view. Here we’ll use import java.net libraries (which are natively supported in android) to make the http call and fetch the json from url.
1. Create a new project in Android Studio from File ⇒ New Project and fill out the required details.
2. As we are fetching the JSON by making HTTP calls, we need to add INTERNET permission in AndroidManifest.xml file. Open AndroidManifest.xml and add the following permission.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="info.androidhive.jsonparsing" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity android:name=".MainActivity" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
3. Create a class named HttpHandler.java and use the below code. Here makeServiceCall() makes http call to particular url and fetches the response. In our case, we use this to get the raw json from the url.
package info.androidhive.jsonparsing;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* Created by Ravi Tamada on 01/09/16.
* www.androidhive.info
*/
public class HttpHandler {
private static final String TAG = HttpHandler.class.getSimpleName();
public HttpHandler() {
}
public String makeServiceCall(String reqUrl) {
String response = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(reqUrl);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
// read the response
InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
response = convertStreamToString(in);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "MalformedURLException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (ProtocolException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "ProtocolException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "IOException: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
return response;
}
private String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
try {
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line).append('\n');
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
4. Before making the http call, let’s add a list view first in our view. Open the layout file of main activity (activity_main.xml) and add a ListView element.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="info.androidhive.jsonparsing.MainActivity">
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</RelativeLayout>
5. Create another layout file named list_item.xml with following content. This will be used to render single list item view.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/name"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:paddingBottom="2dip"
android:paddingTop="6dip"
android:textColor="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:textStyle="bold" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/email"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:paddingBottom="2dip"
android:textColor="@color/colorAccent" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/mobile"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="#5d5d5d"
android:textStyle="bold" />
</LinearLayout>
6. Open MainActivity.java and declare the necessary variables for the list view. If you haven’t worked with list view yet, Android ListView Tutorial will helps you in getting started.
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
private ProgressDialog pDialog;
private ListView lv;
// URL to get contacts JSON
private static String url = "http://api.androidhive.info/contacts/";
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> contactList;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
contactList = new ArrayList<>();
lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
}
}
1.1 Downloading & Parsing the JSON
7. As we are getting the JSON by making HTTP call, I am adding a Async class GetContacts to make http calls on background thread. Add the following method in your main activity class.
In onPreExecute() method progress dialog is shown before making the http call.
In doInBackground() method, makeServiceCall() is called to get the json from url. Once the json is fetched, it is parsed and each contact is added to array list.
In onPostExecute() method the progress dialog is dismissed and the array list data is displayed in list view using an adapter.
Also note that I have used getJSONArray() or getJSONObject() method depending on the type of node.
package info.androidhive.jsonparsing;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
import android.widget.Toast;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
private ProgressDialog pDialog;
private ListView lv;
// URL to get contacts JSON
private static String url = "http://api.androidhive.info/contacts/";
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> contactList;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
contactList = new ArrayList<>();
lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
new GetContacts().execute();
}
/**
* Async task class to get json by making HTTP call
*/
private class GetContacts extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
// Showing progress dialog
pDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
pDialog.setMessage("Please wait...");
pDialog.setCancelable(false);
pDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... arg0) {
HttpHandler sh = new HttpHandler();
// Making a request to url and getting response
String jsonStr = sh.makeServiceCall(url);
Log.e(TAG, "Response from url: " + jsonStr);
if (jsonStr != null) {
try {
JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(jsonStr);
// Getting JSON Array node
JSONArray contacts = jsonObj.getJSONArray("contacts");
// looping through All Contacts
for (int i = 0; i < contacts.length(); i++) {
JSONObject c = contacts.getJSONObject(i);
String id = c.getString("id");
String name = c.getString("name");
String email = c.getString("email");
String address = c.getString("address");
String gender = c.getString("gender");
// Phone node is JSON Object
JSONObject phone = c.getJSONObject("phone");
String mobile = phone.getString("mobile");
String home = phone.getString("home");
String office = phone.getString("office");
// tmp hash map for single contact
HashMap<String, String> contact = new HashMap<>();
// adding each child node to HashMap key => value
contact.put("id", id);
contact.put("name", name);
contact.put("email", email);
contact.put("mobile", mobile);
// adding contact to contact list
contactList.add(contact);
}
} catch (final JSONException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Json parsing error: " + e.getMessage());
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
"Json parsing error: " + e.getMessage(),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
});
}
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't get json from server.");
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
"Couldn't get json from server. Check LogCat for possible errors!",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
}
});
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
// Dismiss the progress dialog
if (pDialog.isShowing())
pDialog.dismiss();
/**
* Updating parsed JSON data into ListView
* */
ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(
MainActivity.this, contactList,
R.layout.list_item, new String[]{"name", "email",
"mobile"}, new int[]{R.id.name,
R.id.email, R.id.mobile});
lv.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
}
If you run the project, you can see json data populated into list view as shown in the below image.
2. Json Parsing using Library
The above method is very easy for simpler json. If the json is very complex, it is better to consider the third party libraries as they are much faster and reliable. Below are the popular libraries used to parse the json.
2.1 Using Volley Library
Volley HTTP library provides easy way to make networks calls. In Android JSON parsing using Volley you can learn how to do that same in easy way using volley networking library which provides you lot of advantages like success/error callback methods and cache options.
2.2 Using Retrofit Library
Retrofit is much popular than volley. The parsing is done using jackson libraries in which you just have to create models for json nodes and the library automatically converts the json into appropriate objects. Go through Android Working with Retrofit HTTP Library which explains in detail about retrofit library.
| Updated On | 27th Dec 2013 (Content Update, Bug fixes) |
| 1st Sep 2016 (Content Update, Bug fixes, latest libraries) |
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