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Android SQLite Database with Multiple Tables

By July 12, 2017 196 Comments

In my previous tutorial Android SQLite Database Tutorial I explained how to use SQLite database in your android application. But that covered the scenario, only when you have one table in the database. I am getting lot of queries about handling the sqlite database when it is having multiple tables.

I explained here how to handle the SQLite database when it is having multiple tables.

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android sqlite database with multiple tables

Use Case: Todo Application

To make it easier for you to understand, I am taking a real use case example of TODO Application database schema in this tutorial. This article doesn’t covers how to design the application, but explains the database design, preparing database helper classes and models.

Database Design

I considered a basic Todo Application with minimal functionality like creating a todo note and assigning it under a tag(s) (category). So for this we just need three tables in the database.

The three tables are

todos – to store all todo notes
tags – to store list of tags
todo_tags – to store the tags which are assigned to a todo

Check the below diagram that explains the table structure and the relationship between tables

android sqlite with multiple tables

Let’s start a new Project

So let’s start by creating a new project in Eclipse IDE

1. Create a new project in Eclipse from File ⇒ New ⇒ Android ⇒ Application Project. I named my package name as info.androidhive.sqlite and left the main activity name as MainActivity.java

2. We need two more packages to keep helpers and model classes. Right Clicking on src ⇒ New ⇒ Package and name them as info.androidhive.sqlite.helper and info.androidhive.sqlite.model

Creating Model Class for Tables

Next step is to create model classes for our database tables just to make single row as an object. We need only two models for todos and tags. For todo_tags we don’t need a model class.

3. Create a new class file under info.androidhive.sqlite.helper package named Todo.java and type the code like below. This is the model class for todos table

package info.androidhive.sqlite.model;

public class Todo {

	int id;
	String note;
	int status;
	String created_at;

	// constructors
	public Todo() {
	}

	public Todo(String note, int status) {
		this.note = note;
		this.status = status;
	}

	public Todo(int id, String note, int status) {
		this.id = id;
		this.note = note;
		this.status = status;
	}

	// setters
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public void setNote(String note) {
		this.note = note;
	}

	public void setStatus(int status) {
		this.status = status;
	}
	
	public void setCreatedAt(String created_at){
		this.created_at = created_at;
	}

	// getters
	public long getId() {
		return this.id;
	}

	public String getNote() {
		return this.note;
	}

	public int getStatus() {
		return this.status;
	}
}

4. Create one more model class for tags table named Tag.java under the same package.

package info.androidhive.sqlite.model;

public class Tag {

	int id;
	String tag_name;

	// constructors
	public Tag() {

	}

	public Tag(String tag_name) {
		this.tag_name = tag_name;
	}

	public Tag(int id, String tag_name) {
		this.id = id;
		this.tag_name = tag_name;
	}

	// setter
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public void setTagName(String tag_name) {
		this.tag_name = tag_name;
	}

	// getter
	public int getId() {
		return this.id;
	}

	public String getTagName() {
		return this.tag_name;
	}
}

Database Helper Class

Database helper class contains all the methods to perform database operations like opening connection, closing connection, insert, update, read, delete and other things. As this class is helper class, place this under helper package.

5. So create another class named DatabaseHelper.java under info.androidhive.sqlite.helper package and extend the class from SQLiteOpenHelper

public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

6. Add required variables like database name, database version, column names. I also executed table create statements in onCreate() method. Type the following code in DatabaseHelper.java class

public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

	// Logcat tag
	private static final String LOG = "DatabaseHelper";

	// Database Version
	private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

	// Database Name
	private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "contactsManager";

	// Table Names
	private static final String TABLE_TODO = "todos";
	private static final String TABLE_TAG = "tags";
	private static final String TABLE_TODO_TAG = "todo_tags";

	// Common column names
	private static final String KEY_ID = "id";
	private static final String KEY_CREATED_AT = "created_at";

	// NOTES Table - column nmaes
	private static final String KEY_TODO = "todo";
	private static final String KEY_STATUS = "status";

	// TAGS Table - column names
	private static final String KEY_TAG_NAME = "tag_name";

	// NOTE_TAGS Table - column names
	private static final String KEY_TODO_ID = "todo_id";
	private static final String KEY_TAG_ID = "tag_id";

	// Table Create Statements
	// Todo table create statement
	private static final String CREATE_TABLE_TODO = "CREATE TABLE "
			+ TABLE_TODO + "(" + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + KEY_TODO
			+ " TEXT," + KEY_STATUS + " INTEGER," + KEY_CREATED_AT
			+ " DATETIME" + ")";

	// Tag table create statement
	private static final String CREATE_TABLE_TAG = "CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_TAG
			+ "(" + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + KEY_TAG_NAME + " TEXT,"
			+ KEY_CREATED_AT + " DATETIME" + ")";

	// todo_tag table create statement
	private static final String CREATE_TABLE_TODO_TAG = "CREATE TABLE "
			+ TABLE_TODO_TAG + "(" + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
			+ KEY_TODO_ID + " INTEGER," + KEY_TAG_ID + " INTEGER,"
			+ KEY_CREATED_AT + " DATETIME" + ")";

	public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
		super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

		// creating required tables
		db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_TODO);
		db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_TAG);
		db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_TODO_TAG);
	}

	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
		// on upgrade drop older tables
		db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_TODO);
		db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_TAG);
		db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_TODO_TAG);

		// create new tables
		onCreate(db);
	}

CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) Operations

From now on we are going to add one by one method into DatabaseHelper.class

1. Creating a Todo

The function will create a todo item in todos table. In this same function we are assigning the todo to a tag name which inserts a row in todo_tags table.

	/*
	 * Creating a todo
	 */
	public long createToDo(Todo todo, long[] tag_ids) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TODO, todo.getNote());
		values.put(KEY_STATUS, todo.getStatus());
		values.put(KEY_CREATED_AT, getDateTime());

		// insert row
		long todo_id = db.insert(TABLE_TODO, null, values);

		// assigning tags to todo
		for (long tag_id : tag_ids) {
			createTodoTag(todo_id, tag_id);
		}

		return todo_id;
	}

2. Fetching a Todo

Following will fetch a todo from todos table.

SELECT * FROM todos WHERE id = 1; 
	/*
	 * get single todo
	 */
	public Todo getTodo(long todo_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();

		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TODO + " WHERE "
				+ KEY_ID + " = " + todo_id;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		if (c != null)
			c.moveToFirst();

		Todo td = new Todo();
		td.setId(c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID)));
		td.setNote((c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TODO))));
		td.setCreatedAt(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_CREATED_AT)));

		return td;
	}

3. Fetching all Todos

Fetching all todos involves reading all todo rows and adding them to a list array.

SELECT * FROM todos; 
	 /*
	 * getting all todos
	 * */
	public List<Todo> getAllToDos() {
		List<Todo> todos = new ArrayList<Todo>();
		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TODO;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		// looping through all rows and adding to list
		if (c.moveToFirst()) {
			do {
				Todo td = new Todo();
				td.setId(c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID))));
				td.setNote((c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TODO))));
				td.setCreatedAt(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_CREATED_AT)));

				// adding to todo list
				todos.add(td);
			} while (c.moveToNext());
		}

		return todos;
	}

4. Fetching all Todos under a Tag name

This is also same as reading all the rows but it filters the todos by tag name. Check the following select query which fetches the todos under Watchlist tag name.

SELECT * FROM todos td, tags tg, todo_tags tt WHERE tg.tag_name = ‘Watchlist’ AND tg.id = tt.tag_id AND td.id = tt.todo_id; 
	 /*
	 * getting all todos under single tag
	 * */
	public List<Todo> getAllToDosByTag(String tag_name) {
		List<Todo> todos = new ArrayList<Todo>();

		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TODO + " td, "
				+ TABLE_TAG + " tg, " + TABLE_TODO_TAG + " tt WHERE tg."
				+ KEY_TAG_NAME + " = '" + tag_name + "'" + " AND tg." + KEY_ID
				+ " = " + "tt." + KEY_TAG_ID + " AND td." + KEY_ID + " = "
				+ "tt." + KEY_TODO_ID;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		// looping through all rows and adding to list
		if (c.moveToFirst()) {
			do {
				Todo td = new Todo();
				td.setId(c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID))));
				td.setNote((c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TODO))));
				td.setCreatedAt(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_CREATED_AT)));

				// adding to todo list
				todos.add(td);
			} while (c.moveToNext());
		}

		return todos;
	}

5. Updating a Todo

Following function will update a todo. It will update Todo values only, not the tag name.

	 /*
	 * Updating a todo
	 */
	public int updateToDo(Todo todo) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TODO, todo.getNote());
		values.put(KEY_STATUS, todo.getStatus());

		// updating row
		return db.update(TABLE_TODO, values, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(todo.getId()) });
	}

6. Deleting a Todo

Pass todo id to the following function to delete the todo from db.

	 /*
	 * Deleting a todo
	 */
	public void deleteToDo(long tado_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
		db.delete(TABLE_TODO, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(tado_id) });
	}

Until now we are done creating the CRUD methods onto todos table. Now we can start the methods required on tags table.

7. Creating Tag

Following method will insert a row into tags table.

	 /*
	 * Creating tag
	 */
	public long createTag(Tag tag) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TAG_NAME, tag.getTagName());
		values.put(KEY_CREATED_AT, getDateTime());

		// insert row
		long tag_id = db.insert(TABLE_TAG, null, values);

		return tag_id;
	}

8. Fetching all Tag names

Performing select all statement on tags table will give you list of tag names.

SELECT * FROM tags; 
	 /**
	 * getting all tags
	 * */
	public List<Tag> getAllTags() {
		List<Tag> tags = new ArrayList<Tag>();
		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TAG;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		// looping through all rows and adding to list
		if (c.moveToFirst()) {
			do {
				Tag t = new Tag();
				t.setId(c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID))));
				t.setTagName(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TAG_NAME)));

				// adding to tags list
				tags.add(t);
			} while (c.moveToNext());
		}
		return tags;
	}

9. Updating Tags

Following method will update tag.

	/*
	 * Updating a tag
	 */
	public int updateTag(Tag tag) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TAG_NAME, tag.getTagName());

		// updating row
		return db.update(TABLE_TAG, values, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(tag.getId()) });
	}

10. Deleting Tag and Todos under the Tag name

Following method will delete a tag from db. This also will delete all the todos under the tag name, but this is optional.

should_delete_all_tag_todos = Passing true will delete all the todos under the tag name

	 /*
	 * Deleting a tag
	 */
	public void deleteTag(Tag tag, boolean should_delete_all_tag_todos) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		// before deleting tag
		// check if todos under this tag should also be deleted
		if (should_delete_all_tag_todos) {
			// get all todos under this tag
			List<Todo> allTagToDos = getAllToDosByTag(tag.getTagName());

			// delete all todos
			for (Todo todo : allTagToDos) {
				// delete todo
				deleteToDo(todo.getId());
			}
		}

		// now delete the tag
		db.delete(TABLE_TAG, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(tag.getId()) });
	}

Below are the methods to access the rows from todo_tags table

11. Assigning a Tag to Todo

Following method will assign a todo under a tag name. You can also assign multiple tags to a todo by calling this function multiple times.

/*
	 * Creating todo_tag
	 */
	public long createTodoTag(long todo_id, long tag_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TODO_ID, todo_id);
		values.put(KEY_TAG_ID, tag_id);
		values.put(KEY_CREATED_AT, getDateTime());

		long id = db.insert(TABLE_TODO_TAG, null, values);

		return id;
	}

12. Removing Tag of Todo

Following method will remove the tag assigned to a todo

	 /*
	 * Updating a todo tag
	 */
	public int updateNoteTag(long id, long tag_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TAG_ID, tag_id);

		// updating row
		return db.update(TABLE_TODO, values, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(id) });
	}

13. Changing the tag of todo

Following simply replaces the tag name of a todo

	 /*
	 * Updating a todo tag
	 */
	public int updateNoteTag(long id, long tag_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TAG_ID, tag_id);

		// updating row
		return db.update(TABLE_TODO, values, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(id) });
	}

14. Closing Database Connection

Importantly don’t forget to close the database connection once you done using it. Call following method when you don’t need access to db anymore.

// closing database
	public void closeDB() {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		if (db != null && db.isOpen())
			db.close();
	}

How to Use / Testing

As this tutorial already seems lengthy I am not considering giving an example with a sample application. In upcoming tutorial I will give you a simple todo application which will give you complete picture of using multiple SQLite tables in your android apps.

For now we will test the class just by printing the data to Logcat.

Open your main activity class and type the following. In the below I just created sample tags and todo data and performed the all the operations by calling the methods which we prepared in DatabaseHelper class.

package info.androidhive.sqlite;

import info.androidhive.sqlite.helper.DatabaseHelper;
import info.androidhive.sqlite.model.Tag;
import info.androidhive.sqlite.model.Todo;

import java.util.List;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	// Database Helper
	DatabaseHelper db;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		db = new DatabaseHelper(getApplicationContext());

		// Creating tags
		Tag tag1 = new Tag("Shopping");
		Tag tag2 = new Tag("Important");
		Tag tag3 = new Tag("Watchlist");
		Tag tag4 = new Tag("Androidhive");

		// Inserting tags in db
		long tag1_id = db.createTag(tag1);
		long tag2_id = db.createTag(tag2);
		long tag3_id = db.createTag(tag3);
		long tag4_id = db.createTag(tag4);

		Log.d("Tag Count", "Tag Count: " + db.getAllTags().size());

		// Creating ToDos
		Todo todo1 = new Todo("iPhone 5S", 0);
		Todo todo2 = new Todo("Galaxy Note II", 0);
		Todo todo3 = new Todo("Whiteboard", 0);

		Todo todo4 = new Todo("Riddick", 0);
		Todo todo5 = new Todo("Prisoners", 0);
		Todo todo6 = new Todo("The Croods", 0);
		Todo todo7 = new Todo("Insidious: Chapter 2", 0);

		Todo todo8 = new Todo("Don't forget to call MOM", 0);
		Todo todo9 = new Todo("Collect money from John", 0);

		Todo todo10 = new Todo("Post new Article", 0);
		Todo todo11 = new Todo("Take database backup", 0);

		// Inserting todos in db
		// Inserting todos under "Shopping" Tag
		long todo1_id = db.createToDo(todo1, new long[] { tag1_id });
		long todo2_id = db.createToDo(todo2, new long[] { tag1_id });
		long todo3_id = db.createToDo(todo3, new long[] { tag1_id });

		// Inserting todos under "Watchlist" Tag
		long todo4_id = db.createToDo(todo4, new long[] { tag3_id });
		long todo5_id = db.createToDo(todo5, new long[] { tag3_id });
		long todo6_id = db.createToDo(todo6, new long[] { tag3_id });
		long todo7_id = db.createToDo(todo7, new long[] { tag3_id });

		// Inserting todos under "Important" Tag
		long todo8_id = db.createToDo(todo8, new long[] { tag2_id });
		long todo9_id = db.createToDo(todo9, new long[] { tag2_id });

		// Inserting todos under "Androidhive" Tag
		long todo10_id = db.createToDo(todo10, new long[] { tag4_id });
		long todo11_id = db.createToDo(todo11, new long[] { tag4_id });

		Log.e("Todo Count", "Todo count: " + db.getToDoCount());

		// "Post new Article" - assigning this under "Important" Tag
		// Now this will have - "Androidhive" and "Important" Tags
		db.createTodoTag(todo10_id, tag2_id);

		// Getting all tag names
		Log.d("Get Tags", "Getting All Tags");

		List<Tag> allTags = db.getAllTags();
		for (Tag tag : allTags) {
			Log.d("Tag Name", tag.getTagName());
		}

		// Getting all Todos
		Log.d("Get Todos", "Getting All ToDos");

		List<Todo> allToDos = db.getAllToDos();
		for (Todo todo : allToDos) {
			Log.d("ToDo", todo.getNote());
		}

		// Getting todos under "Watchlist" tag name
		Log.d("ToDo", "Get todos under single Tag name");

		List<Todo> tagsWatchList = db.getAllToDosByTag(tag3.getTagName());
		for (Todo todo : tagsWatchList) {
			Log.d("ToDo Watchlist", todo.getNote());
		}

		// Deleting a ToDo
		Log.d("Delete ToDo", "Deleting a Todo");
		Log.d("Tag Count", "Tag Count Before Deleting: " + db.getToDoCount());

		db.deleteToDo(todo8_id);

		Log.d("Tag Count", "Tag Count After Deleting: " + db.getToDoCount());

		// Deleting all Todos under "Shopping" tag
		Log.d("Tag Count",
				"Tag Count Before Deleting 'Shopping' Todos: "
						+ db.getToDoCount());

		db.deleteTag(tag1, true);

		Log.d("Tag Count",
				"Tag Count After Deleting 'Shopping' Todos: "
						+ db.getToDoCount());

		// Updating tag name
		tag3.setTagName("Movies to watch");
		db.updateTag(tag3);

		// Don't forget to close database connection
		db.closeDB();
		
	}
}

Run the application and the check the Logcat.

Complete Code of DatabaseHelper.java Class

package info.androidhive.sqlite.helper;

import info.androidhive.sqlite.model.Tag;
import info.androidhive.sqlite.model.Todo;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

	// Logcat tag
	private static final String LOG = DatabaseHelper.class.getName();

	// Database Version
	private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

	// Database Name
	private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "contactsManager";

	// Table Names
	private static final String TABLE_TODO = "todos";
	private static final String TABLE_TAG = "tags";
	private static final String TABLE_TODO_TAG = "todo_tags";

	// Common column names
	private static final String KEY_ID = "id";
	private static final String KEY_CREATED_AT = "created_at";

	// NOTES Table - column nmaes
	private static final String KEY_TODO = "todo";
	private static final String KEY_STATUS = "status";

	// TAGS Table - column names
	private static final String KEY_TAG_NAME = "tag_name";

	// NOTE_TAGS Table - column names
	private static final String KEY_TODO_ID = "todo_id";
	private static final String KEY_TAG_ID = "tag_id";

	// Table Create Statements
	// Todo table create statement
	private static final String CREATE_TABLE_TODO = "CREATE TABLE "
			+ TABLE_TODO + "(" + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + KEY_TODO
			+ " TEXT," + KEY_STATUS + " INTEGER," + KEY_CREATED_AT
			+ " DATETIME" + ")";

	// Tag table create statement
	private static final String CREATE_TABLE_TAG = "CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_TAG
			+ "(" + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + KEY_TAG_NAME + " TEXT,"
			+ KEY_CREATED_AT + " DATETIME" + ")";

	// todo_tag table create statement
	private static final String CREATE_TABLE_TODO_TAG = "CREATE TABLE "
			+ TABLE_TODO_TAG + "(" + KEY_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
			+ KEY_TODO_ID + " INTEGER," + KEY_TAG_ID + " INTEGER,"
			+ KEY_CREATED_AT + " DATETIME" + ")";

	public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
		super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

		// creating required tables
		db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_TODO);
		db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_TAG);
		db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_TODO_TAG);
	}

	@Override
	public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
		// on upgrade drop older tables
		db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_TODO);
		db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_TAG);
		db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_TODO_TAG);

		// create new tables
		onCreate(db);
	}

	// ------------------------ "todos" table methods ----------------//

	 /**
	 * Creating a todo
	 */
	public long createToDo(Todo todo, long[] tag_ids) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TODO, todo.getNote());
		values.put(KEY_STATUS, todo.getStatus());
		values.put(KEY_CREATED_AT, getDateTime());

		// insert row
		long todo_id = db.insert(TABLE_TODO, null, values);

		// insert tag_ids
		for (long tag_id : tag_ids) {
			createTodoTag(todo_id, tag_id);
		}

		return todo_id;
	}

	/**
	 * get single todo
	 */
	public Todo getTodo(long todo_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();

		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TODO + " WHERE "
				+ KEY_ID + " = " + todo_id;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		if (c != null)
			c.moveToFirst();

		Todo td = new Todo();
		td.setId(c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID)));
		td.setNote((c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TODO))));
		td.setCreatedAt(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_CREATED_AT)));

		return td;
	}

	/**
	 * getting all todos
	 * */
	public List<Todo> getAllToDos() {
		List<Todo> todos = new ArrayList<Todo>();
		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TODO;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		// looping through all rows and adding to list
		if (c.moveToFirst()) {
			do {
				Todo td = new Todo();
				td.setId(c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID))));
				td.setNote((c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TODO))));
				td.setCreatedAt(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_CREATED_AT)));

				// adding to todo list
				todos.add(td);
			} while (c.moveToNext());
		}

		return todos;
	}

	/**
	 * getting all todos under single tag
	 * */
	public List<Todo> getAllToDosByTag(String tag_name) {
		List<Todo> todos = new ArrayList<Todo>();

		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TODO + " td, "
				+ TABLE_TAG + " tg, " + TABLE_TODO_TAG + " tt WHERE tg."
				+ KEY_TAG_NAME + " = '" + tag_name + "'" + " AND tg." + KEY_ID
				+ " = " + "tt." + KEY_TAG_ID + " AND td." + KEY_ID + " = "
				+ "tt." + KEY_TODO_ID;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		// looping through all rows and adding to list
		if (c.moveToFirst()) {
			do {
				Todo td = new Todo();
				td.setId(c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID))));
				td.setNote((c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TODO))));
				td.setCreatedAt(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_CREATED_AT)));

				// adding to todo list
				todos.add(td);
			} while (c.moveToNext());
		}

		return todos;
	}

	/**
	 * getting todo count
	 */
	public int getToDoCount() {
		String countQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TODO;
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(countQuery, null);

		int count = cursor.getCount();
		cursor.close();

		// return count
		return count;
	}

	/**
	 * Updating a todo
	 */
	public int updateToDo(Todo todo) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TODO, todo.getNote());
		values.put(KEY_STATUS, todo.getStatus());

		// updating row
		return db.update(TABLE_TODO, values, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(todo.getId()) });
	}

	/**
	 * Deleting a todo
	 */
	public void deleteToDo(long tado_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
		db.delete(TABLE_TODO, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(tado_id) });
	}

	// ------------------------ "tags" table methods ----------------//

	/**
	 * Creating tag
	 */
	public long createTag(Tag tag) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TAG_NAME, tag.getTagName());
		values.put(KEY_CREATED_AT, getDateTime());

		// insert row
		long tag_id = db.insert(TABLE_TAG, null, values);

		return tag_id;
	}

	/**
	 * getting all tags
	 * */
	public List<Tag> getAllTags() {
		List<Tag> tags = new ArrayList<Tag>();
		String selectQuery = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_TAG;

		Log.e(LOG, selectQuery);

		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		Cursor c = db.rawQuery(selectQuery, null);

		// looping through all rows and adding to list
		if (c.moveToFirst()) {
			do {
				Tag t = new Tag();
				t.setId(c.getInt((c.getColumnIndex(KEY_ID))));
				t.setTagName(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(KEY_TAG_NAME)));

				// adding to tags list
				tags.add(t);
			} while (c.moveToNext());
		}
		return tags;
	}

	/**
	 * Updating a tag
	 */
	public int updateTag(Tag tag) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TAG_NAME, tag.getTagName());

		// updating row
		return db.update(TABLE_TAG, values, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(tag.getId()) });
	}

	/**
	 * Deleting a tag
	 */
	public void deleteTag(Tag tag, boolean should_delete_all_tag_todos) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		// before deleting tag
		// check if todos under this tag should also be deleted
		if (should_delete_all_tag_todos) {
			// get all todos under this tag
			List<Todo> allTagToDos = getAllToDosByTag(tag.getTagName());

			// delete all todos
			for (Todo todo : allTagToDos) {
				// delete todo
				deleteToDo(todo.getId());
			}
		}

		// now delete the tag
		db.delete(TABLE_TAG, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(tag.getId()) });
	}

	// ------------------------ "todo_tags" table methods ----------------//

	/**
	 * Creating todo_tag
	 */
	public long createTodoTag(long todo_id, long tag_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TODO_ID, todo_id);
		values.put(KEY_TAG_ID, tag_id);
		values.put(KEY_CREATED_AT, getDateTime());

		long id = db.insert(TABLE_TODO_TAG, null, values);

		return id;
	}

	/**
	 * Updating a todo tag
	 */
	public int updateNoteTag(long id, long tag_id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

		ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
		values.put(KEY_TAG_ID, tag_id);

		// updating row
		return db.update(TABLE_TODO, values, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(id) });
	}

	/**
	 * Deleting a todo tag
	 */
	public void deleteToDoTag(long id) {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
		db.delete(TABLE_TODO, KEY_ID + " = ?",
				new String[] { String.valueOf(id) });
	}

	// closing database
	public void closeDB() {
		SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
		if (db != null && db.isOpen())
			db.close();
	}

	/**
	 * get datetime
	 * */
	private String getDateTime() {
		SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(
				"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", Locale.getDefault());
		Date date = new Date();
		return dateFormat.format(date);
	}
}

What’s Next ?

An example of Todo application is coming soon … stay tuned …

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Ashish Mishra
Ashish Mishra
8 years ago

Good Man,,,,Nice Work…

0
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Vinh Nguyễn
Vinh Nguyễn
8 years ago

Your blog is very helpfull. Thanks you

0
Reply
NONE
NONE
8 years ago

Why you don’t use ContentProvider? Because ContentProvider – it’s Google style…

0
Reply
Jh
Jh
8 years ago
Reply to  NONE

Do you have a link to a ContentProvider example with multiple tables? Would love to look at one.

0
Reply
sukumar
sukumar
8 years ago

Very Nice Example

1
Reply
Costas
Costas
8 years ago

How can I create a todo item in todos table of db from a parsed xml file?

0
Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
8 years ago
Reply to  Costas

Just create a todo with xml data like

Todo todo = new Todo(“your xml todo text”, 0);

insert in db

db.createToDo(todo, new long[] { tag1_id });

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Reply
Costas
Costas
8 years ago
Reply to  Ravi Tamada

Should I define and use an updateToDo function afterwards??
Because every time I start my list activity, the xml file would download and parce, so every time the same todo text would be add in sqlite database matrix.

0
Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
8 years ago
Reply to  Costas

You need to find a way to stop parsing and inserting if todos are already inserted into sqlite.

0
Reply
Vinh Nguyễn
Vinh Nguyễn
8 years ago

Every start application, database will be recreate or not ? Because i see when start MainActivity, it run that code “db = new DatabaseHelper(getApplicationContext());”. Please explain for me. Thanks you.

0
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Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
8 years ago
Reply to  Vinh Nguyễn

Don’t worry it will create the tables only once on the first time!

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chris
chris
7 years ago
Reply to  Ravi Tamada

can you please explain what causes the database and tables not to be recreated over and over….does the static code have something to do with the that? and how?

0
Reply
Vijayakumar
Vijayakumar
7 years ago
Reply to  Ravi Tamada

i cant retrieve the data from table using another application

0
Reply
Guest
Guest
7 years ago
Reply to  Ravi Tamada

Suppose If I have seperate DatabaseHelper(extending SQLiteOpenHelper) for each table with same DB name and version. Will it create all the tables under same database only once? As each DatabaseHelper will have CREATE TABLE statement. So will it execute?

0
Reply
Maria Pedroto
Maria Pedroto
7 years ago
Reply to  Ravi Tamada

Hello, I’m sorry for bothering but I’d like a little help. Suppose you want to change the database model… what should i call in the Activity file?

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Lynn Houthuys
Lynn Houthuys
8 years ago

nice tutorial as usual! But little typing error :

Create a new class file under info.androidhive.sqlite.helper package named Todo.java and type the code like below. This is the model class for todos table

I assume the class Todo has to be under the package info.androidhive.sqlite.model.

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Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
8 years ago
Reply to  Lynn Houthuys

Thank you Lynn for notifying me this 🙂

I’ll do the correction.

0
Reply
Lynn Houthuys
Lynn Houthuys
8 years ago
Reply to  Ravi Tamada

Oh and sections 12 and 13 have the same code sample… I assume that’s a typing error as well…

0
Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
8 years ago
Reply to  Lynn Houthuys

Really! I’ll look into that too 🙂

0
Reply
rishad
rishad
8 years ago

awsome explanation

0
Reply
Guest
Guest
8 years ago

retrive coding are in main activity.java; how can view those in emulator?

0
Reply
Sharaa
Sharaa
8 years ago

Very good example as usual.. Retrive codings are in main acticity.java file, i want to get retrive values in to emulator. how can set those things??

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Reply
vinit
vinit
8 years ago

why r u creating model class for every database table? It will increase no of file….can we create one single file which will contains “row object” of every table and all the method for manipulating all tables…
for example..

class Contacts extends Object {
public int _Id;
public String name;
public String email;
}
public DatabaseHelper(Context ctx) {
public void close() {
public void createContacts(String name, String email) {
public void deleteContacts(int ContactsId) {
public List fetchAllContactss() {
public Contacts fetchContacts(int ContactsId) {
public void updateContacts(int ContactsId, String name, String email) {
public Cursor GetAllContactss() {
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase arg0) {
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase arg0, int arg1, int arg2) {
…
because in my application i have more than 15 tables….

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Larry Ritchie
Larry Ritchie
8 years ago

into some CRUD methods, using the local SQLiteDatabase, maybe occurs the null-pointer exceptions,, why didn’t we use the global SQLiteDatabase variables at the first-top of class?

0
Reply
Jh
Jh
8 years ago

Thanks very useful info. Please work more on this series.

0
Reply
Kersa Andika
Kersa Andika
8 years ago

how can I fetch the data and add it to listview?

0
Reply
Fayez
Fayez
7 years ago

Putting everything in one DatabaseHelper class doesn’t seem scalable as we have 10s of tables with potentially 100s of columns. Ultimately it has to come down to 1 class per table. Don’t you think?

0
Reply
WiseFundManager
WiseFundManager
7 years ago
Reply to  Fayez

Create a DAO Factory

0
Reply
Baraa Orabi
Baraa Orabi
7 years ago

In section 12 and 13, the method is supposed to update or delete a ‘tag’ of a ‘todo’. However, it gives TABLE_TODO as parameter to db.update() instead of TABLE_TODO_TAG which holds the relevant information. Is there something wrong here, or did I not understand this correctly?

0
Reply
Marco
Marco
7 years ago
Reply to  Baraa Orabi

Yeah, there’s so much wrong with this tutorial that I don’t know where to begin. He only inserts into TABLE_TODO_TAG and never updates that table when todos are deleted or tags are deleted.

0
Reply
theangi
theangi
7 years ago

Why aren’t you using “FOREIGN KEY” in the table declaration (in the
String CREATE_TABLE_TODO_TAG)? Isn’t that possiible?. I wish all
operation related to delete, update etc wil be managed automatically by
the dbms, here I have to take care of everything!

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Reply
PrincessLilly
PrincessLilly
7 years ago
Reply to  theangi

I’d like to know this as well… In SQL I’d just have two tables and in the todos table I’d have a tag_id as a foreign key referencing the tag_ig of the tags table. So we wouldn’t even need to have a junction table (todo_tag). So can’t we do the same here?

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Reply
Kendell Fabricius
Kendell Fabricius
7 years ago
Reply to  PrincessLilly

If you want to have a todo with multiple tags, the todo_tag table allows you to store multiple tags for for each todo. That allows the user to have a more robust categorization system for their todos.

0
Reply
Andre F G Jr
Andre F G Jr
7 years ago

Very, very good tutorial! Congratulations!

0
Reply
Jena Sookdin Reshmeebye
Jena Sookdin Reshmeebye
7 years ago

hello can you plz snd me the tutorial by mail on [email protected]
Thanks

0
Reply
tekno freek
tekno freek
7 years ago

is there any example app for this…here or github or somewhere else, if u can give me link it would be really helpful, thanks.

0
Reply
Lucky Reed
Lucky Reed
7 years ago

Ravi! Thank you for all the great articles, you are genius. BUT what is the deal with the “Todo” table have “buying IPhone 5S” ?? You must have meant “Galaxy S4″…keep up the great work.

0
Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
7 years ago
Reply to  Lucky Reed

I am not a big fan of Android phones 🙂

0
Reply
Ronit
Ronit
7 years ago
Reply to  Ravi Tamada

Cant believe it. You are making awesome tutorials for Android. and you dont like Android Phones.. uuhh really?

0
Reply
chris
chris
7 years ago

wouldn’t the tables get recreated everytime the activity runs

0
Reply
Vijayakumr
Vijayakumr
7 years ago

whatever you post is good and working but i created database table using your code using one application. but i cant retrieve the table data from another application. why?

0
Reply
Paresh Mayani
Paresh Mayani
7 years ago
Reply to  Vijayakumr

What do you by retrieving the data from another application? Do you want to access database/tables of your other applications? If this is the case then you are required to implement the concept of “Content provider” same like we can access data of calendar, call logs, SMS, etc native applications!

0
Reply
Wasim Memon
Wasim Memon
7 years ago
Reply to  Vijayakumr

To read other app data you have to user share app id attributre in manifest file. then your app will get same application id as of you are trying to read(app id). other wise android system will not allow you to read other app data.

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Reply
Faisal
Faisal
7 years ago

thanks Ravi Tamada for your great cod.

i have question, i don’t no why it dose not work with me because when i run it nothing happens, just on sentence (hello whorled ). so what the problem please and thanks.

0
Reply
amat
amat
7 years ago
Reply to  Faisal

how do u fix that?

0
Reply
Faisal
Faisal
7 years ago

thanks i now what the problem now

0
Reply
Bharat Jiyani
Bharat Jiyani
7 years ago

B-E-A-utifull 🙂

0
Reply
João Quinteira
João Quinteira
7 years ago

Goog job. Continue the tutorial please.

0
Reply
carty
carty
7 years ago

thanks

0
Reply
Nick P
Nick P
7 years ago

Can you explain why do you close the Cursors in “getTodoCount” and live them opened in all the other methods (“getTodo”, “getAllTodoByTag”, “getAppTags”)?

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Reply
Gunsu Koksal
Gunsu Koksal
7 years ago

thanks very useful

0
Reply
Lee Davison
Lee Davison
7 years ago

Hey, I just have to pitch in and tell you how useful this has been to me. Thanks a lot for it!

0
Reply
rosh3000
rosh3000
7 years ago

Thank You

0
Reply
Steven
Steven
7 years ago

Can you continue with

– enter the data with textfields on the app
– connection to mysql

thank you

0
Reply
Шйгук
Шйгук
7 years ago

I cannot download the code… =(

0
Reply
Umarani
Umarani
7 years ago

Hi Ravi, Thank you for the great tutorials!! I don’t know if everyone has this problem. I couldnt subscribe to your website. When I click “Subscribe” it redirects to http://download.androidhive.info/firewall/firewall.php and nothing happens

0
Reply
dj-chen.com
dj-chen.com
7 years ago

Thanks for your article, it’s very useful!

0
Reply
Dani
Dani
7 years ago

Good job here dude!!

0
Reply
Rayko
Rayko
7 years ago

Why is there a model package when all classes were created inside helper package?

0
Reply
JOptionPane
JOptionPane
7 years ago
Reply to  Rayko

#3 and #4 should be under model package. not helper package

0
Reply
JOptionPane
JOptionPane
7 years ago
Reply to  Rayko

Sorry, I mean Todo.java and Tag.java

0
Reply
Andreas
Andreas
7 years ago

In the getTodo you have a null pointer check for the cursor and if it is not null you moveToFirst. And then you use it to create a Todo object. However if it is null the c.getInt just after the new Todo() won’t throw a null pointer?

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Reply
Marco
Marco
7 years ago

Dude, you really shouldn’t be writing online tutorials if you can’t even reply to reader’s comments, and, especially, to those that have correctly identified errors. You replied to a couple of them saying you would fix them, but you haven’t done so (10 months later). For example, Lynn’s and Baraa’s comments.

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Robson Douglas
Robson Douglas
7 years ago

Thanks man !
Excellent tutorial.

0
Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
7 years ago
Reply to  Robson Douglas

You are welcome Robson.

0
Reply
Peter
Peter
7 years ago

“An example of Todo application is coming soon … stay tuned …” When?

0
Reply
Hi
Hi
7 years ago
Reply to  Peter

Liked you paid him.. Behave yourself.

0
Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
7 years ago
Reply to  Hi

thnx 🙂

0
Reply
Marwen
Marwen
7 years ago

Good job Mr Ravi Tamada thinks !

0
Reply
Ravi Tamada
Ravi Tamada
7 years ago
Reply to  Marwen

Thanks Marwen 🙂

0
Reply
Aya M Salama
Aya M Salama
7 years ago

Thanks Ravi, Waiting for the Note tutorial 🙂

0
Reply
soundararajan s
soundararajan s
7 years ago

Hi Ravi sir,
i’m soundararajan from bangalore
i had one doubt, in sqlite during run the program i want create a table like student assignment mark sheet table the content is , student name,dob,register no.father name, address this all in one table and from the student name and reg no, based mark sheet in anther table (s.no,sub,date of summation, date of summit,mark,totalmark) column if i and the student details the in student record it’s automatically create mark sheet table and mark sheet entry separate sheet like our mark sheet is it possible ,
if i delete the student record mean it’s automatically delete the mark sheet also
(create table from the edittext input and column items all same it’s possible) by button

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savitririshma
savitririshma
5 years ago
Reply to  soundararajan s

Hi Soundararajan.
Do u have article bout what u did? I need reference about structure and script code of Student’s Assignment Record App.

Can both of u help me pls?

Btw, thanks for Ravi. I followed almost all of ur tutor 😀 (y)

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Reply
Guest
Guest
7 years ago

Wonderful! Thanx a lot!
I’m so glad I ran into your site.
Will definitely stay tuned 🙂

0
Reply
Guest
Guest
7 years ago

Wonderful! Thanx a lot!
I’m so glad I ran into your posts.
Will definitely follow you 🙂

0
Reply
Gatunox
Gatunox
7 years ago

How should the composite key of a table be renamed. for example

CREATE TABLE `Products-Stores` (

`product` INTEGER NOT NULL,

`store` INTEGER NOT NULL,

`price` INTEGER NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY(product,store)

);

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Reply
Sanny Singhs
Sanny Singhs
7 years ago

It is grt8 post , Ravi . but i have some doubts here and still wondering why the is the reason to put all the schemas in one file . Is there any specific reason ?
Thanks

0
Reply
Janice Heah
Janice Heah
7 years ago

Hi, i want a question. Once I run this program. it show nothing and then pop out a stop working alert. what happen with this problem?

0
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